Electric drive system

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to an electric drive system comprising an electric motor ( 10 ) arranged to rotate a drive shaft ( 16 ); a drive planetary gear configuration ( 70 ) being in driving engagement with said drive shaft ( 16 ) and an output shaft ( 50 ) rotatable relative to said drive shaft ( 16 ); and means for providing change in rotational speed of said output shaft ( 50 ), wherein said rotational speed changing means ( 80, 82 ) are disposed on opposite sides of the motor ( 10 ) respectively. The present invention also relates to a motor driven unit, for example a motor vehicle.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to an electric drive system according to thepreamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a motor drivenunit, for example a motor vehicle.

BACKGROUND ART

It is known to use a pair of planetary gear configurations to providedifferential drive respectively to a pair of output assemblies such asground engaging wheels or a continuous belt or track, wherein theplanetary gear configurations are arranged such that their respectivesun gears are driven by a common drive member or shaft. The main drivesource, typically a drive shaft propelled by an internal combustionengine, may be in mesh with a ring gear of one of the planetary gearconfigurations to provide direcitionality and gear reduction. Typically,the drive source includes a rotational axis perpendicularly disposedrelative to the rotational axis of a driven axle, here referred to as across drive.

Such cross drive connections causes losses in the power transfer. Anelectrically driven power train where the drive source has beenintegrated into the differential reduces these losses and provides amore compact power train assembly.

US 2003/0203782 discloses a differential assembly including anelectrically operated input device, a first planetary assembly and asecond planetary assembly. The first planetary is in driving engagementwith the input device and the first planetary is drivingly connected toa first output assembly. The second planetary assembly is in drivingengagement with the first planetary assembly and is drivingly connectedto a second output assembly wherein the first planetary assembly co-actswith the second planetary assembly to provide substantially the sametorque to the first and second output assemblies.

The differential assembly according to US 2003/0203782 provides arelatively compact solution with a reduction in losses between the drivesource and the final drive assemblies, and limits wheel slippage.Although the differential assembly according to US 2003/0203782 gives acompact solution, space in e.g. vehicles becomes more and more importantand thus there is a need to further increase compactness in order tosave space. Further said differential assembly may have disadvantagesregarding ability to brake the differential due to e.g. ware of rotatingcomponents during braking and disadvantages due to energy losses duringdifferential brake and thus reduction in efficiency.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide an electric drivesystem which facilitates compact construction, and exhibits a reductionin losses between drive source and output assembly when operated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These and other objects, apparent from the following description, areachieved by an electric drive system and a motor driven unit, which areof the type stated by way of introduction and which in addition exhibitsthe features recited in the characterising clause of the appended claims1 and 17. Preferred embodiments of the inventive electric drive systemare defined in appended dependent claims 2-16.

Specifically an object of the invention is achieved by an electric drivesystem comprising an electric motor arranged to rotate a drive shaft; adrive planetary gear configuration being in driving engagement with saiddrive shaft and an output shaft rotatable relative to said drive shaft;and means for providing change in rotational speed of said output shaft,wherein said rotational speed changing means are disposed on oppositesides of the motor respectively.

Hereby a compact construction of the electric drive system isfacilitated in that space of the planet gear set carrier of theplanetary gear configuration may be avoided when engaging drive shaftand output shaft. Hereby the electric motor may be transverselyarranged, thus avoiding losses between motor and output shaft due tocross drive when operated. Such an electric drive system may be used ina motor driven unit where no differential is needed such as e.g. arail-mounted vehicle, providing a compact installation taking up littlespace.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system said outputshaft is substantially aligned with said drive shaft. Hereby a morecompact system is facilitated in that the output shaft may be extendedthrough the drive shaft. Cross drive is further avoided reducing lossesbetween motor/drive shaft and a final drive.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system said rotationalspeed changing means are operable between a first state in which theoutput shaft rotates with a slower rotational speed than the driveshaft, a second freewheeling state, a third state in which the outputshaft and the drive shaft rotate with the same rotational speed, and afourth fully lockup-state in which drive is prevented. Hereby anefficient drive due to efficient change of rotational speed isfacilitated.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system said rotationalspeed changing means comprises a first coupling assembly operable toengage the ring gear of the drive planetary gear configuration. Herebyefficient drive is facilitated.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system said rotationalspeed changing means comprises a second coupling assembly operable toengage the drive shaft to the output shaft, said second couplingassembly being disposed on the opposite side of the motor to the firstcoupling assembly. Hereby efficient drive and a compact construction arefacilitated.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system said secondcoupling assembly comprises a shifting arm configuration. Herebyefficient drive and a compact construction are facilitated.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system said secondcoupling assembly comprises a piston. Hereby efficient drive and acompact construction are facilitated.

According to an embodiment the electric drive system further comprisesdifferential means comprising a first planetary gear being drivinglyconnected to a first output assembly; a second planetary gearconfiguration being in driving engagement with said first planetary gearconfiguration via said output shaft, said second planetary configurationbeing drivingly connected to a second output assembly; said motor beingdisposed between said first and second planetary gear configuration,said first planetary gear configuration being arranged to co-act withsaid second planetary gear configuration so as to provide a differentialfunction. Hereby efficient drive and differential drive is facilitated.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system said driveplanetary gear configuration is disposed between said first and saidsecond planetary gear configurations. Hereby a compact construction isfacilitated.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system the ring gearsof the first and second planetary gear configurations are engaged via areversing assembly for said differential function. This facilitates anefficient differential function with less ware on components of thedifferential means. Hereby the differential means may be fully locked,since the differential is separated from the drive shaft, and thusdifferential is separated from drive of the electric drive system. Whenthe differential is locked the braking is provided on non-rotatingcomponents such that ware of components during operation is reduced.Further torque vectoring is facilitated.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system said reversingassembly comprises a shaft configuration separated from said driveshaft. Hereby differential drive is separated from drive of the motorrendering the above mentioned advantages.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system said reversingassembly comprises a rotational direction change configuration,connected to the ring gears of the first and second planetary gearconfigurations via said shaft configuration. This is an efficient way ofproviding said opposite rotation so as to provide an efficientdifferential function.

According to an embodiment the electric drive system further comprisescontrol means being operable to engage said reversing assembly forcontrolling said differential. Hereby torque vectoring and/or fullylocked and/or limited slip differential may be achieved.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system said controlmeans comprises a coupling configuration for braking said reversingassembly. Hereby fully locked or limited slip differential may beachieved.

According to an embodiment of the electric drive system said controlmeans comprises a motor. Hereby torque vectoring may be achieved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A better understanding of the present invention will be had upon thereference to the following detailed description when read in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters referto like parts throughout the several views, and in which:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a motor driven unit;

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an electric drive system according toan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 a-c schematically illustrates different embodiments of means forcontrolling differential configuration according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an electric drive system according toan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5-7 schematically illustrates different states of operation of aplanetary gear configuration according to an embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 8 schematically illustrates details of an electric motor and driveshaft of the electric drive system according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a motor driven unit 100 comprising anelectric drive system 1 according to the present invention. Said motordriven unit 100 may be constituted by a motor vehicle such as a workingvehicle.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an electric drive system 1 according toan embodiment of the present invention. The electric drive system 1comprises an electric motor 10 having a rotor 12 and a stator 14, saidrotor 12 being connected to a drive shaft 16, said rotor 12 beingarranged to rotate said drive shaft 16.

The electric drive system 1 further comprises differential means 20.Said differential means 20 comprises a first planetary gearconfiguration 30 and a second planetary gear configuration 40, saidmotor 10 being disposed between said first and second planetary gearconfiguration 30, 40.

The second planetary gear configuration 40 is in driving engagement withsaid first planetary gear configuration 30 via an output shaft 50rotatable relative to and substantially aligned with said drive shaft16.

The drive shaft 16 is according to an embodiment a hollow drive shaft 16driven by the motor 10 and the output shaft 50 is extended through, andarranged to freely rotate within the hollow drive shaft 16.

The first planetary gear configuration 30 is drivingly connected to afirst output assembly 52. The second planetary configuration isdrivingly connected to a second output assembly 54. The first and secondoutput assemblies 52, 54 is according to an embodiment final driveassemblies in driving engagement with wheel configurations,respectively. The wheel configurations may respectively propel groundengaging tires. The final drive assemblies each provide according to anembodiment a gear reduction between the differential means 20 and therespective wheel configuration. According to an embodiment each finaldrive assembly is a planetary gear configuration providing a desiredgear reduction.

Alternatively the output assemblies 52, 54 are wheel configurationswithout final drive assembly, continuous track or belt configurations,with or without reduction gearing.

The first planetary gear configuration 30 includes a sun gear 32, aplanet gear set 34 supported by a carrier 36, and a ring gear 38. In thefirst planetary gear configuration 30, the sun gear 32 of is in meshwith the planet gear set 34, and the planet gear set 34 is in mesh withthe ring gear 38. The carrier 36 of the first planetary gearconfiguration 30 is arranged to transmit output torque to the firstoutput assembly 52.

The second planetary gear configuration 40 includes a sun gear 42, aplanet gear set 44 supported by a carrier 46, and a ring gear 48. In thesecond planetary gear configuration 40, the sun gear 42 is in mesh withthe planet gear set 44, and the planet gear set 44 is in mesh with thering gear 48. The carrier 46 of the second planetary gear configuration40 is arranged to transmit output torque to the second output assembly54

The second planetary gear configuration 40 is in driving engagement withsaid first planetary gear configuration 30 via the output shaft 50 suchthat the sun gear 32 of the first planetary gear configuration 30 isconnected to the sun gear 42 of the second planetary gear configuration40 through said output shaft 50.

The ratio represented by the number of teeth in the ring gear 38, 48over the number of teeth in the sun gear 32, 42 is according to apreferred embodiment the same for the first and second planetary gearconfigurations 30, 40. Said ratio is according to an alternativeembodiment different for the first and second planetary gearconfigurations. Said ratio is according to an embodiment in the range of1:2 to 1:6, depending on application.

The differential means 20 further comprises a reversing assembly 22,wherein the ring gears 38, 48 of the first and second planetary gearconfigurations 30, 40 are engaged via said reversing assembly 22 forsaid differential function. Said reversing assembly 22 is separated fromthe drive shaft 16 and thus from drive of the electric drive system 1.Said reversing assembly 22 comprises a shaft configuration 24 separatedfrom said drive shaft 16 and separated from said output shaft 50.

Said reversing assembly 22 comprises a rotational direction changeconfiguration 25, connected to the ring gears 38, 48 of the first andsecond planetary gear configurations 30, 40 via said shaft configuration24.

Said reversing assembly 22 is according to this embodiment connectedbetween the ring gear 38 of the first planetary gear configuration 30and the ring gear 48 of the second planetary gear configuration 40 suchthat when the ring gear 38 of the first gear configuration is allowed torotate in one rotational direction with a certain rotational speed thering gear 48 of the second planetary gear configuration 40 rotates inthe opposite rotational direction with substantially the same rotationalspeed as the ring gear 38 of the first planetary gear configuration 30.

The ring gear 38, 48 rotating in the forward direction provides anincreased rotational speed of the output shaft of the carrier 36, 46 ofthat planetary gear configuration 30, 40, and the ring gear 48, 38rotating in the backward direction provides a corresponding decreasedrotational speed of the output shaft of the carrier 46, 36 of thatplanetary gear configuration 40, 30.

For example, if the ring gear 38 of the first planetary gearconfiguration 30 rotates in the forward direction, providing anincreased rotational speed of the output shaft of carrier 36, the ringgear 48 of the second planetary gear configuration 40 rotates in thebackward direction, providing a decreased rotational speed of the outputshaft of carrier 46.

The sum of the rotational speed of the output shaft of the respectivecarrier 36, 46 is constant for a constant rotational speed of the motor,independent of which ring gear 38, 48 rotating in the forward orbackward direction, rotational speed of the respective ring gear or ifthe ring gears are locked, i.e. not rotating such that output shaft ofthe respective carrier 36, 46 rotates in the same rotational speed.

For example, if the rotational speed of the motor is 3000 rpm, in thecase when the ring gears are at stand still, the respective carrier 36,46 rotates in the same rotational direction at 1000 rpm, the sum being2000 rpm, and in the case when the first ring gear rotates at a certainrotational speed in the forward direction and the second ring gearrotates at the same rotational speed in the backward direction, carrier36 rotates in the forward direction at e.g. 1100 rpm, carrier 46 willrotate in the forward direction at 900 rpm.

As schematically illustrated in FIG. 2 said reversing assembly 22comprises a first gear 26 in mesh with the ring gear 38 of the firstplanetary gear configuration 30, a second gear 27 in mesh with the ringgear 48 of the second planetary gear configuration 40 and a third gear28 connected to the second gear 27 via said shaft configuration 24constituted by a shaft 24 a, and in mesh with the first gear 26, saidfirst gear 26 and third gear 28 providing said rotational changeconfiguration 25, so as to change rotational direction. The second andthird gears 26, 27 are thus fixedly connected to the shaft 24 a suchthat they rotate with the same rotational speed.

Alternatively, as may be partly seen from FIG. 4, said reversingassembly 22 may instead of said third gear comprise a fourth gear (notshown) connected to the first gear 26 via a first differential shaft(not shown), and a fifth gear 29 a connected to the second gear 27 via asecond differential shaft 24 b, wherein the fourth and the fifth gearsare in mesh with each other, said fourth and fifth gear providing saidrotational change configuration 25, so as to change rotational directionsuch that the rotational direction of the first differential shaft withthe fourth gear is opposite to the rotational direction of the seconddifferential shaft 24 b with the fifth gear 29 a. The shaftconfiguration 24 is according to this embodiment constituted by thefirst and second differential shafts.

In the differential means 20 the input power from the motor 10 istransferred to the sun gear 32, 42 of the first and second planetarygear configuration 30, 40, wherein in the output power is transferredfrom the shaft of the carrier 36, 46 of the first and second planetarygear configuration 30, 40 respectively to the respective output assembly52, 54.

The differential means 20 may be an open differential, i.e. the ringgear 38 of the first planetary gear configuration 40 and the ring gear48 of the second planetary gear configuration 40 rotate in oppositerotational directions when final drive is subjected to differentrotational speeds, e.g. when the final drive is connected to wheels of avehicle and said vehicle is turning, i.e. driving in a curve.

As is shown in FIG. 3 a-c the differential means 20 may comprise anysuitable control means 60 for controlling the differential means 20.Said control means 60 may as is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2 bearranged in connection to the first gear 26, the second gear 27 or thethird gear 28 for controlling the differential means 20.

FIG. 3 a schematically illustrates control means represented by acoupling configuration 62 being constituted by a multiple disc brakemember 62 having a set of discs 62 a for providing a braking action whensubjected to a pressure, said multiple disc brake member 62 beingoperable to engage said reversing assembly 22 so as to facilitatecontrol of said differential means 20.

By means of a multiple disc brake member 62 control of degree of brakingis facilitated. Said multiple disc brake member 62 when activatedprovides a fully locked operating state during engagement of saidreversing assembly 22, in which a total differential lock is providedsuch that first and second output assemblies 52, 54, e.g. final drivesare locked to the same rotational speed, such that e.g. opposite wheelsof a vehicle are forced to rotate with the same rotational speed.

Said multiple disc brake member 62 further provides when activated alimited-slip operating state during engagement of said reversingassembly 22, wherein the differential means 20 is controlled such that adifference in rotational speed between the output assemblies 52, 54,e.g. final drives, e.g. opposite wheels of a vehicle, is required inorder for the differential means 20 to lock. Hereby prevention ofrelative wheel movement is provided by means of difference in rotationalspeed.

FIG. 3 b schematically illustrates control means represented by acoupling configuration 64 being constituted by a mechanical coupling 64,e.g. a dog-clutch 64 having a first element 64 a and a second element 64b being shaped such that they when brought together are engaged suchthat mutual rotational movement is prevented. Said mechanical coupling64 is operable to engage said reversing assembly 22 so as to facilitatecontrol of said differential means 20. Said dog-clutch provides a fullylocked state according to above when operated to engage said reversingassembly 22, and a fully unlocked state when not activated, providing anopen differential according to above.

FIG. 3 c schematically illustrates a control means constituted by amotor 66, e.g. an electric motor or a hydraulic motor, operable toengage said reversing assembly 22 so as to facilitate control of saiddifferential means 20. Said motor 10 provides torque-vectoring whenoperated to engage said reversing assembly 22, such that power from oneoutput assembly 52, 54, e.g. final drive, e.g. wheel of vehicle, istransferable to the other output assembly, e.g. final drive, e.g. wheelof vehicle. For example, when driving with a vehicle in a curve powerfrom the inner wheel is transferred to the outer wheel. This functionmay be used for controlling the vehicle, e.g. steering of the vehicle.

The electric drive system 1 also comprises transmission means 70, saidtransmission means 70 comprising a drive planetary gear configuration70. The drive planetary gear configuration 70 is in driving engagementwith said rotor 12 shaft, said drive planetary gear configuration 70being drivingly connected to said output shaft 50.

The drive planetary gear configuration 70 is arranged between the firstand second planetary gear configurations 30, 40.

The drive planetary gear configuration 70 includes a sun gear 72, aplanet gear set 74 supported by a carrier 76, and a ring gear 78. In thedrive planetary gear configuration 70, the sun gear 72 is in mesh withthe planet gear set 74, and the planet gear set 74 is in mesh with thering gear 78.

The sun gear 72 of the drive planetary gear configuration 70 isconstituted by a gear fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 16 and thusarranged to rotate with the same rotational speed as the drive shaft 16.

The carrier 76 of the drive planetary gear configuration 70 is fixedlyconnected to the output shaft 50 and thus arranged to rotate with thesame rotational speed as the output shaft 50.

The transmission means, i.e. the drive planetary gear configuration 70,comprises means for providing change in rotational speed of said outputshaft 50. Said means comprises a first coupling assembly 80 operable toengage, i.e. releasably lock, the ring gear 78 and a second couplingassembly 82 operable to engage, i.e. releasably lock, said output shaft50 to said drive shaft 16. Said first coupling assembly 80 is arrangedon one side, here the right side, of the motor 10, and the secondcoupling assembly 82 is arranged on the opposite side, here the leftside, of the motor 10.

The ring gear 78 of the drive planetary gear configuration 70 isaccording to the invention operable to engage, i.e. releasably lock, toa housing 90 or other load-supporting member of the electric drivesystem 1. Said first coupling assembly 80 is thus operable to engagesaid ring gear 78 to said housing 90 such that in an engaged state thering gear 78 is prevented from rotating and in disengaged state the ringgear 78 is allowed to rotate.

Said second coupling assembly 82 is operable to engage, i.e. releasablylock, said output shaft 50 to said drive shaft 16, such that in anengaged state the output shaft 50 is allowed to rotate with the samerotational speed as the drive shaft 16 and in a disengaged state theoutput shaft 50 is allowed to rotate relative to the drive shaft 16.

The carrier 76, and thus the sun gear 72, planet gear set 74 and ringgear 78 of the drive planetary gear configuration 70, is in thisembodiment arranged on the right side of the motor 10 and the secondcoupling assembly 82 is arranged on the left side of the motor 10. Bythis arrangement a more compact electric drive system 1 is facilitated,which is explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment inFIG. 4-7 disclosing an embodiment of the second coupling assembly 82.

The transmission means, i.e. the drive planetary gear configuration 70,thus provides for different operational states.

In the first operational state the ring gear 78 is in the engaged orlocked state and output shaft 50 in disengaged or unlocked state, suchthat a ratio between the drive shaft 16 and the output shaft 50 isprovided, the output shaft 50 rotating with a reduced rotational speedrelative to the drive shaft 16. Hereby a higher torque is provided bythe output shaft 50. This is the referred to as the low transmissionstate.

In the second state the ring gear 78 is in a disengaged state and theoutput shaft 50 is in the disengaged or unlocked state, such that therotational speed of the motor 10/drive shaft 16 may be freely regulatedrelative to the output shaft 50.

In the third state the ring gear 78 is in the disengaged or unlockedstate and the output shaft 50 is in the engaged or locked state, suchthat the output shaft 50 and the drive shaft 16 rotates with the samerotational speed. Hereby a lower torque is provided by the output shaft50. This is referred to as the high transmission state.

In the fourth state the ring gear 78 is in the engaged or locked stateand the output shat is in the engaged or locked state, such that driveis prevented, wherein according to an embodiment the parking brake isactivated.

The drive planetary gear configuration 70 is referred to as ahigh/low-planetary gear configuration.

FIG. 4-7 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the electric drivesystem 1 wherein the operation of the transmission means, i.e. the driveplanetary gear configuration 70, of the present invention is describedin more detail.

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the electric drivesystem 1. The electric drive system 1 comprises a housing 90. Theelectric drive system 1 further comprises, as described with referenceto FIG. 2, an electric motor 10 having a rotor 12 and a stator 14, saidrotor 12 being connected to a drive shaft 16, said rotor 12 beingarranged to rotate said drive shaft 16, and an output shaft 50 rotatablerelative to and substantially aligned with said drive shaft 16. Saiddrive shaft 16 is a hollow drive shaft 16 and said output shaft 50 isextending through said drive shaft 16.

The electric drive system 1 further comprises differential means 20having a first planetary gear configuration 30 and a second planetarygear configuration 40 as described with reference to FIG. 2. Thedifferential means 20 further comprises a reversing assembly 22 asdescribed above under FIG. 2 referring to FIG. 4. The reversing assembly22 comprises a rotational direction change configuration 25. Thedifferential means 20 functions as described with reference to FIG. 2.

The electric system further comprises a drive planetary gearconfiguration 70 as described with reference to FIG. 2. The driveplanetary gear configuration 70 thus includes a sun gear 72, a planetgear set 74 supported by a carrier 76, and a ring gear 78. In the driveplanetary gear configuration 70, the sun gear 72 is in mesh with theplanet gear set 74, and the planet gear set 74 is in mesh with the ringgear 78.

The drive planetary gear configuration 70, comprises means for providingchange in rotational speed of said output shaft 50.

Said means for providing change in rotational speed comprises a firstcoupling assembly 80 operable to engage, i.e. releasably lock, the ringgear 78 to the housing 90, said first coupling assembly 80 comprisingaccording to this embodiment a friction coupling here illustrated as aflange for locking said ring gear 78. Said first coupling assembly 80may comprise any suitable coupling such as friction coupling or multipledisc clutch.

Said means for providing change in rotational speed also comprises asecond coupling assembly 82 operable to engage, i.e. releasably lock,said output shaft 50 to said drive shaft 16, said second couplingassembly 82 comprising a gear clutch 82 a and a shifting arm 82 bconfigured to shift said gear clutch for said engagement/locking.

Any type of suitable coupling means could be used. According to analternative embodiment the second coupling assembly 82 comprises,instead of a shifting arm, a piston, which is shown with dotted lines inFIG. 4. Hereby the shifting arm 82 b is arranged to shift the gearclutch 82 a for said engagement/locking. A piston 84 and possibleelement for assisting in moving said gear clutch may as seen by thedotted lines take up less space than the shifting arm, and may thusreduce weight.

Instead of a gear clutch any suitable coupling may be used such as asynchronizing drum, a dog-clutch or a disc clutch.

The sun gear 72, planet gear set 74 and carrier 76, the ring gear 78 andthe first coupling assembly 80, e.g. said friction coupling forengaging/locking the ring gear 78, is arranged on the right side of themotor 10 in FIG. 4, and the second coupling assembly 82, i.e. the gearclutch 82 a and shifting arm 82 b is arranged on the opposite side ofthe motor 10.

The ring gear 78 is journalled in the housing 90 so as to facilitateneutral position of the transmission means, i.e. the drive planetarygear configuration 70. As the ring gear 78 is journalled it may rotatewhen the transmission means 70 is locked. Thus, when the second couplingassembly is locked the ring gear 78 will to rotate.

The output shaft 50 is fixedly connected to the sun gear 72 of the driveplanetary gear configuration 70. The output shaft 50 is further fixedlyconnected on respective side of the motor 10 to the sun gear 32, 42 ofthe first and second planetary gear configuration 40 respectively, thepower transferred from the drive planetary gear configuration 70 thusbeing divided on the first and second planetary gear configuration 40,receiving the same power on its respective sun gear 32, 42.

FIG. 5-7 schematically illustrates different states of operation S1, S2,S3 of the drive planetary gear configuration 70 according to anembodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 5-7 the components rotatingwith a reduced speed L are illustrated with a checked pattern, thecomponents rotating with the rotational speed of the motor 10, i.e. highrotational speed H, are illustrated with vertical stripes, andcomponents being fixed F are illustrated as black/filled.

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the first operational state S1, i.e.the low transmission state, in which the first coupling assembly 80 isactivated causing the ring gear 78 to be engaged, i.e. locked by meansof said first coupling assembly 80, i.e. in this embodiment said flange.

The output shaft 50 is in a disengaged state, i.e. an unlocked statesuch that the output shaft 50 is allowed to rotate relative to the driveshaft 16. Thus, the shifting arm 82 b has been activated to cause thegear clutch to be engaged to the output shaft 50 and is positioned suchthat the gear clutch is engaged/connected to the output shaft 50 andthus in a position to the left in the area of arrow A.

Hereby a ratio between the drive shaft 16 and the output shaft 50 isprovided, the output shaft 50 rotating with a reduced rotational speedrelative to the drive shaft 16, providing a higher torque.

FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the second operational state S2 inwhich the ring gear 78 is in a disengaged state, i.e. the first couplingassembly 80 is disengaged, such that the ring gear 78 is allowed torotate. The disengaged state of the ring gear 78 is illustrated with across-striped pattern.

The output shaft 50 is in an unlocked state, i.e. the shifting arm 82 bis positioned such that the gear clutch is engaged/connected to theoutput shaft 50 and thus in a position to the left in the area of arrowA, such that the output shaft 50 is allowed to rotate relative to thedrive shaft 16.

Hereby the drive planetary gear configuration 70 is in a neutralposition, such that the rotational speed of the motor 10/drive shaft 16may be freely regulated relative to the output shaft 50. Thus, therotational speed of the motor 10 may be regulated independently of therotational speed of output shaft 50 and possible wheels, which thus isused for synchronization prior to shifting to the high transmissionstate.

FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the third state S3, i.e. the hightransmission state. In the third operational state the output shaft 50is in the engaged/locked state, i.e. the shifting arm 82 b has beenactivated to cause the gear clutch to engage the output shaft 50 and thedrive shaft 16. The shifting arm 82 b is thus positioned such that thegear clutch engages/connects the drive shaft 16 and the output shaft 50,said shifting arm 82 b thus being in a position to the right in the areaof arrow A, such that the output shaft 50 is allowed to rotate with thesame rotational speed as the drive shaft 16 and thus together with thedrive shaft 16.

Hereby the low transmission state is bypassed, i.e. the ring gear 78 ofthe drive planetary gear configuration 70 is arranged in relation to thefirst coupling assembly 80 and configured such that when the sun gear 72and the planet gear set 74 are fixedly engaged relative to each other,the ring gear 78 will be in the disengaged/unlocked state. Thusactivation of the second coupling assembly 82 causes the first couplingassembly 80 to disengage such that the rotational speed of the outputshaft 50 coincides with the rotational speed of the drive shaft 16.Hereby a lower torque is provided by the output shaft 50.

The fourth state mentioned with reference to FIG. 2 is not shown here.

FIG. 8 schematically illustrates details of an electric motor 10 anddrive shaft 16 of the electric drive system 1 according to an embodimentof the present invention illustrating space occupation, and provides anexplanation why the division of first and second coupling assembly 82 onthe respective side of the motor 10 as described aboveprovides/facilitates a more compact electric drive system 1.

The shaded area B on the left side illustrates the space available whenthe second coupling assembly 82, e.g. the shifting arm 82 b and gearclutch 82 a, is disposed on the left side of the motor 10 and the firstcoupling assembly 80, the sun gear 72, planet gear set 74 with carrier76 and ring gear 78 of the drive planetary gear configuration 70 isdisposed on the opposite side, in accordance with the present invention.The arrow L1 on the left side illustrates the space in the axialdirection outside of the protruding windings needed for the secondcoupling assembly.

The shaded area C on the right side illustrates the space occupied ifthe second coupling assembly 82, e.g. the shifting arm 82 b and gearclutch, and the first coupling assembly 80, the sun gear 72, planet gearset 74 with carrier 76 and ring gear 78 of the drive planetary gearconfiguration 70 is disposed on the same side of the motor 10, thusoccupying more space in the longitudinal/axial direction of the electricdrive system 1. The arrow L2 on the right side illustrates the space inthe axial direction outside of the protruding windings needed if thesecond coupling assembly should be arranged on the right side with therest of the drive planetary gear configuration 70.

The electric motor 10 comprises rotor 12, a hollow drive shaft 16arranged to rotate with the motor 10 with the same rotational speed, asmentioned above. The electric motor 10 further comprises a stator 14having a winding 14 a extending on each side in the axial direction andthus occupies space in the housing of the electric drive system 1.

The carrier 76 of the planet gear set 74 occupies space and the shaft ofthe carrier 76 is arranged to extend away from the motor 10, and sincethe carrier 76 is arranged to rotate, and thus rotates during operation,it is not possible to arrange the second coupling assembly 82, e.g.shifting arm 82 b and gear clutch, on that side of the carrier 76.

Arranging the second coupling assembly 82, e.g. shifting arm 82 b andgear clutch, on the opposite side of the carrier 76, i.e. between themotor 10 and the carrier 76 results in the shifting arm 82 b and gearclutch ending up outside of the level of the protruding windings 14 asince the diameter of the drive shaft 16 will be larger at the couplingposition. The output shaft 50 has an extension portion on the right sideso as to facilitate attachment of the sun gear 72 thereon. Thus, morespace in the axial direction is required as compared to the preferredsolution according to the present invention, i.e. dividing the first andsecond coupling on the respective side of the motor 10.

The electric drive system 1 according to the present invention with thedifferential means 20 separated from the drive shaft 16 and thetransmission means facilitates separation of high/low-drive anddifferential drive.

The electric drive system 1 according to the present invention with thedifferential means 20 separated from the drive shaft 16 and thetransmission means facilitates differential lock as described withreference to FIG. 3 a-b and facilitates toque vectoring as describedabove with reference to FIG. 3 c.

The electric drive system 1 according to the present invention with thedifferential means 20 separated from the drive shaft 16 and thetransmission means may advantageously be combined with powerelectronics, electronic control unit, hybrid drive, diesel electricdrive etc.

The electric drive system 1 according to the present invention with thedifferential means 20 separated from the drive shaft 16 and thetransmission means may comprise cooling of electric motor 10 and gears,lubrication of gears, and resolvers for determining rotating parts.

The electric drive system 1 according to the present invention with thedifferential means 20 separated from the drive shaft 16 and thetransmission means may be housed in a housing 90 as mentioned withreference to e.g. FIG. 4, wherein said electric drive system 1 may beintegrated to a drive shaft 16 of motor 10 driven unit such as a motor10 vehicle. The drive shaft 16 may be rigidly suspended, pendulumsuspended, damped etc.

The electric drive system 1 according to the present invention maylongitudinally arranged in a four wheel drive power train.

The electric drive system 1 according to the present invention with thedifferential means 20 separated from the drive shaft 16 and thetransmission means may be used for providing pivot turns, when usingcontrol means constituted by a motor, and low gear.

The electric drive system 1 according to the present invention with thedifferential means 20 separated from the drive shaft 16 and thetransmission means may be used for traction control, when using controlmeans constituted by a motor, and low gear.

Above sun gear 72, planet gear set 74 and carrier 76, ring gear 78, andfirst coupling assembly 80 for locking the ring gear 78 of the driveplanetary gear configuration 70 of the electric drive system 1 isdisposed on right side of the electric motor 10 and the second couplingassembly 82 drive planetary gear configuration 70 is disposed on leftside of the electric motor 10. Of course it could be the opposite wayaround.

The electric drive system comprises sensor means for determining speedof output shafts of the respective carriers 36, 46. Said sensor meansmay be arranged at any suitable location. Said sensor means is accordingto an embodiment a resolver for the respective carrier 36, 46.

The electric drive system comprises means for determining the rotorshaft speed and position. Said rotor shaft speed/position determiningmeans may be constituted by a sensor member such as a resolver.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the presentinvention has been provided for the purposes of illustration anddescription. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit theinvention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modificationsand variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and its practical applications, therebyenabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention forvarious embodiments and with the various modifications as are suited tothe particular use contemplated.

1. An electric drive system comprising an electric motor arranged torotate a drive shaft; a drive planetary gear configuration being indriving engagement with said drive shaft and an output shaft rotatablerelative to said drive shaft; and means for providing change inrotational speed of said output shaft, wherein said rotational speedchanging means are disposed on opposite sides of the motor respectively.2. An electric drive system according to claim 1, wherein said outputshaft is substantially aligned with said drive shaft.
 3. An electricdrive system according to claim 1, wherein said output shaft is extendedthrough said drive shaft.
 4. An electric drive system according to claim1, wherein said rotational speed changing means are operable between afirst state (S1) in which the output shaft rotates with a slowerrotational speed than the drive shaft, a second freewheeling state (S2),a third state (S3) in which the output shaft and the drive shaft rotatewith the same rotational speed, and a fourth fully lockup-state in whichdrive is prevented.
 5. An electric drive system according to claim 1,wherein said rotational speed changing means comprises a first couplingassembly operable to engage the ring gear of the drive planetary gearconfiguration.
 6. An electric drive system according to claim 1, whereinsaid rotational speed changing means comprises a second couplingassembly operable to engage the drive shaft to the output shaft, saidsecond coupling assembly being disposed on the opposite side of themotor to the first coupling assembly.
 7. An electric drive systemaccording to claim 6, wherein said second coupling assembly comprises ashifting arm configuration.
 8. An electric drive system according toclaim 6, wherein said second coupling assembly comprises a piston.
 9. Anelectric drive system according to claim 1, further comprisingdifferential means comprising a first planetary gear configuration beingdrivingly connected to a first output assembly; a second planetary gearconfiguration being in driving engagement with said first planetary gearconfiguration via said output shaft, said second planetary gearconfiguration being drivingly connected to a second output assembly;said motor being disposed between said first and second planetary gearconfigurations, said first planetary gear configuration being arrangedto co-act with said second planetary gear configuration so as to providea differential function.
 10. An electric drive system according to claim9, wherein said drive planetary gear configuration is disposed betweensaid first and said second planetary gear configurations.
 11. Anelectric drive system according to claim 9, wherein the ring gears ofthe first and second planetary gear configurations are engaged via areversing assembly for said differential function.
 12. An electric drivesystem according to claim 11, wherein said reversing assembly comprisesa shaft configuration separated from said drive shaft.
 13. An electricdrive system according to claim 11, wherein said reversing assemblycomprises a rotational direction change configuration, connected to thering gears of the first and second planetary gear configurations viasaid shaft configuration.
 14. An electric drive system according toclaim 11, further comprising control means being operable to engage saidreversing assembly for controlling said differential means.
 15. Anelectric drive system according to claim 14, wherein said control meanscomprises a coupling configuration for braking said reversing assembly.16. An electric drive system according to claim 14, wherein said controlmeans comprises a motor.
 17. A motor driven unit comprising an electricdrive system according to claim 1.